tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Xi Nong 2011)were sown in hole trays in a seedling substrate (pH 5.5–6.5)with an organic mass fraction ≥50% and a humic acid mass frac-tion ≥ 20%. When the third leaves were fully expanded, seedlings were transplanted into rectangular hydroponic containers and supplied with half-strength modified ShanQis nutrient solution containing The containers were supplied with air bubblers to ensure adequate oxygen supply. The plants were placed in a greenhouse with an average temperature of 25◦C during the day and 15◦C during the night. Plants received 16 h of light(800 mmol·photons m−2s−1) and 8 h of dark. The relative humidity was 60%–90%.