respondents who wished to work for the gaming industries was
approximately 60% (58.4% for Macau and 60.9% for Singapore).
Luke (2011) indicated that running a gambling business has
been a major enterprise in many Chinese cities in the period from
the Song dynasty (960e1279) to the Qing dynasty (1644e1911). In
fact, even today, various legal or illegal gambling activities continue
to spread in Chinese societies. Thus, the residents' attitudes toward
gambling in Chinese societies are undoubtedly worth extensive
examination because the Chinese population is considerable in the
world. An important point is that many studies have demonstrated
that the establishment of casinos frequently creates certain
attractiveness for the local residents. Based on the investigation
conducted by Smith and Hinch's (1996), Canada's casinos are not
major selling points that attract tourists because the majority of
casino visitors are local residents. However, casino operations often
cause a radical increase in the local gambling population (Grinols,
1995; Truitt, 1996) and may even trigger an upsurge in bankruptcy
rates (Nichols, Stitt, & Giacopassi, 2000). Because these
negative impacts of gambling businesses have been clearly
observed in many places, one of the key points of this study is
whether the attitudes of local residents who participate in gaming
industries influence their perspectives regarding the impact of casino
gambling operations.
As shown in Table 2, 54.1% of the survey respondents from
Macau and 54.8% of the respondents from Singapore are male, and
female subjects comprise 45.9% (Macau) and 45.2% (Singapore) of
the respondents. The majority of the respondents are centrally
distributed around the age range of 25e35 years (48.3% for Macau
and 61.6% for Singapore). The analysis of the respondents' educational
backgrounds showed that 47.1% of the respondents from
Macau and 34.5% of the respondents from Singapore reached the