A dual-cathode MFC inoculated with the mixed activated sludge
and digested sludge collected from wastewater treatment plant
achieved more than 96% of the ammonium removal, while the
TN removal reported was between 66.7% and 89.6% (Zhang and
He, 2012). Zhang and Angelidaki (2012) reported that SMFC can
be effectively employed for in situ nitrogen removal from nitrate
and nitrite rich synthetic lake waters at an initial concentration
of 10 mg L−1. The TN removal of 62% and 77% was reported for
nitrate and nitrite in the feed, respectively. The mass balance of
nitrogen indicated that most of the nitrate and nitrite was reduced
to nitrogen gas