3.2.5. Floc characterization
TG and DSC analyses were conducted with Ti-flocs derived from distilled water experiment. Typical sample analyses (Fig. 9) showed that the weight-loss of the flocs from room temperature to 240 °C was about 16–30% and there were no apparent weight-loss plateaus within this temperature range. This major weight-loss was attributed to the evaporation of water adsorbed and incorporated in the hydroxides, and it also explained the endothermic peak appeared on the DSC curve. Another small exothermic peak occurred on the DSC curve within the range of 380–470 °C was interpreted as the crystallization of the amorphous titanium dioxide under elevated temperatures. Similar findings were reported by Kanna et al. (2005), though they prepared flocs with TiCl4 and diluted ammonia solutions instead