Advantages:
• Higher ductility
• Lower flow stress
• Pores seal up.
• Stronger, tougher and more ductile than as-cast metals due to breaking
down and refinement of coarse columnar grains in the cast ingot.
Disadvantages:
• Surface reactions between the metal and the furnace atmosphere, i.e.
…………………………………., decaburisation in steels.
• Hot shortness, when the working temperature exceeds the melting temperature
of constituent at grain boundaries
• ________________________ due to thermal expansion at high temperatures.
• Handling is more difficult (from furnace to machine).
•Shorten tool life
• Higher total energy required
more deformation without cracking
less mechanical energy required for
Dimension tolerance is poor