Standardization is the great strength as well as the great weakness of professional bureaucracy. That is what enables to prefect their skills and so achieve great efficiency and effectiveness. But that same standardization raises problems of adaptability. This is not a structure to innovate but one to perfect what is already know. Thus, so long as the environment is stable, the professional bureaucracy does its job well. It identifies the needs of its client and a set of standardized programs to serve them. In other words, pigeonholing is its great forte; change messes up the pigeonholes. New needs arise that fall between or across the slots, and the standard programs no longer apply. Another configuration is required.