Circular polarized antenna can be designed using quadrature hybrids. Quadrature hybrids are
directional couplers with a 90± phase di®erence in the outputs of the through and coupled arms.
This type of hybrids is often made in microstrip or stripline and is also known as branch-line hy-
brid. Figure 8(a) gives the layout of the simulated antenna. It's operating frequency is 2.50 GHz
and substrate permittivity is "r = 2:2 (RT/duroid 5880).Simulated return loss is ¡18:75 dB (Fig-
ure 8(b)) at the 2.50 GHz but better return loss is found at 2.513 GHz so operating frequency is
shifted. The gain and directivity of the antenna are 5.74519 dBi and 6.38042 dBi respectively when
right circularly polarized (RCP). Axial ratio of the antenna is 7.2 dB, which is unacceptable for