tions why they underwent previous cancer screening,
including it would "prevent them from having cancer,"
"would lead to quicker diagnosis of cancer" and
"would prevent further deterioration." Such beliefs,
which are consistent with a preventive-care paradigm,
have been reported to be positively correlated with
health outcomes in patients with other diseases, such
as hypertension and diabetes. 12"3 Other studies have
found that cultural beliefs about harmful consequences
of screening can act as powerful barriers to
prevention,'4"5 and some patients have been reported
to have understandings of cancer that are divergent
from the conventional biomedical paradigm,'6 such as
fear, misconceptions ofwho is at risk for specific cancers
and the belief that "cancer screening tests were
heralds of a disease that would ultimately lead to their
death."'7 Other fatalistic beliefs,'8 such as "having
cancer is like getting a death sentence", "cancer is
God's punishment", and that "...there is very little
one can do to prevent getting cancer,"'9 also hindered
women from seeking screening. Additional reported
barriers included the painful nature of the screening
test and embarrassment.20
The second major category ofperceptions of cancer
screening behavior elicited in our study was
patients' social network experience, which included
two major social network influences: patients'
immediate family and friends and their medical
providers. In the present study, recommendation
from a physician was cited across all tests as the
most important facilitator of cancer screening. Some
patients stated that friends and or family members'
feedback about their experience with the cancer
screening test served as a barrier to screening, while
others stated that they were encouraged to seek cancer
screening because they had relatives diagnosed
with cancer and did not want to be in the same situation.
Many women rely on friends and family networks
as well as local healers as sources of health
information2",22 and also as sources of referral and
therapeutic network.23'24
Social networks are important because they serve
as a source of health information. Patients initially
seek advice from their family and friends, then from
local healers, and only after they have exhausted
these sources do they go to the medical establishment.25
Given these networks, efforts should be
made to channel cancer health education for lowincome
and minority women provided by physicians
and other medical providers through local churches
and other faith-based organizations as well as
through local media.2629
Finally, the third category elicited was access to
care, including the cost of care and lack of insurance,33'37
which were 'only infrequently cited as barriers
to cancer screening in this study. Nevertheless,
tions why they underwent previous cancer screening,
including it would "prevent them from having cancer,"
"would lead to quicker diagnosis of cancer" and
"would prevent further deterioration." Such beliefs,
which are consistent with a preventive-care paradigm,
have been reported to be positively correlated with
health outcomes in patients with other diseases, such
as hypertension and diabetes. 12"3 Other studies have
found that cultural beliefs about harmful consequences
of screening can act as powerful barriers to
prevention,'4"5 and some patients have been reported
to have understandings of cancer that are divergent
from the conventional biomedical paradigm,'6 such as
fear, misconceptions ofwho is at risk for specific cancers
and the belief that "cancer screening tests were
heralds of a disease that would ultimately lead to their
death."'7 Other fatalistic beliefs,'8 such as "having
cancer is like getting a death sentence", "cancer is
God's punishment", and that "...there is very little
one can do to prevent getting cancer,"'9 also hindered
women from seeking screening. Additional reported
barriers included the painful nature of the screening
test and embarrassment.20
The second major category ofperceptions of cancer
screening behavior elicited in our study was
patients' social network experience, which included
two major social network influences: patients'
immediate family and friends and their medical
providers. In the present study, recommendation
from a physician was cited across all tests as the
most important facilitator of cancer screening. Some
patients stated that friends and or family members'
feedback about their experience with the cancer
screening test served as a barrier to screening, while
others stated that they were encouraged to seek cancer
screening because they had relatives diagnosed
with cancer and did not want to be in the same situation.
Many women rely on friends and family networks
as well as local healers as sources of health
information2",22 and also as sources of referral and
therapeutic network.23'24
Social networks are important because they serve
as a source of health information. Patients initially
seek advice from their family and friends, then from
local healers, and only after they have exhausted
these sources do they go to the medical establishment.25
Given these networks, efforts should be
made to channel cancer health education for lowincome
and minority women provided by physicians
and other medical providers through local churches
and other faith-based organizations as well as
through local media.2629
Finally, the third category elicited was access to
care, including the cost of care and lack of insurance,33'37
which were 'only infrequently cited as barriers
to cancer screening in this study. Nevertheless,
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..

tions why they underwent previous cancer screening,
including it would "prevent them from having cancer,"
"would lead to quicker diagnosis of cancer" and
"would prevent further deterioration." Such beliefs,
which are consistent with a preventive-care paradigm,
have been reported to be positively correlated with
health outcomes in patients with other diseases, such
as hypertension and diabetes.12 " การศึกษาอื่น ๆพบว่ามี
3 วัฒนธรรมความเชื่อเกี่ยวกับอันตรายที่จะตามมา
กลั่นกรองเป็นอุปสรรคที่มีประสิทธิภาพ
ป้องกัน 4 " 5 และผู้ป่วยบางคนได้รับรายงาน
มีความเข้าใจของโรคมะเร็งที่แตกต่างกัน
จากกระบวนทัศน์ทางการแพทย์ทั่วไป ' 6 เช่น
ความกลัว ความเข้าใจผิด ofwho เป็นความเสี่ยงสำหรับมะเร็ง เฉพาะ
และมีความเชื่อว่า " การตรวจคัดกรองมะเร็งแบบ
heralds of a disease that would ultimately lead to their
death."'7 Other fatalistic beliefs,'8 such as "having
cancer is like getting a death sentence", "cancer is
God's punishment", and that "...there is very little
one can do to prevent getting cancer,"'9 also hindered
women from seeking screening. Additional reported
barriers included the painful nature of the screening
test and embarrassment.20
2 หลักประเภท ofperceptions มะเร็ง
คัดกรองพฤติกรรมได้มาในการศึกษาของเรา
ผู้ป่วย เครือข่ายทางสังคม ประสบการณ์ ซึ่งรวม
สองหลักอิทธิพลเครือข่ายทางสังคม : ผู้ป่วย
ทันที ครอบครัวและเพื่อน ๆและผู้ให้บริการทางการแพทย์
. ในการศึกษา ข้อเสนอแนะจากแพทย์ที่ถูกอ้างถึงใน
ที่สำคัญการทดสอบทั้งหมดเป็นผู้ประสานงานของการตรวจคัดกรองมะเร็ง บาง
patients stated that friends and or family members'
feedback about their experience with the cancer
screening test served as a barrier to screening, while
others stated that they were encouraged to seek cancer
screening because they had relatives diagnosed
with cancer and did not want to be in the same situation.
Many women rely on friends and family networks
เช่นเดียวกับหมอท้องถิ่นเป็นแหล่งสุขภาพ
information2 " , 22 และยังเป็นแหล่งอ้างอิงและ
23 '24 รักษาเครือข่าย เครือข่ายทางสังคมเป็นสิ่งสำคัญเพราะพวกเขาให้บริการ
เป็นแหล่งข้อมูลสุขภาพ ผู้ป่วยเริ่ม
แสวงหาคำแนะนำจากครอบครัวและเพื่อนของพวกเขาแล้ว จาก
หมอท้องถิ่นและเฉพาะหลังจากที่พวกเขาได้หมด
แหล่งพวกนี้ไปตั้ง 25
ทางการแพทย์Given these networks, efforts should be
made to channel cancer health education for lowincome
and minority women provided by physicians
and other medical providers through local churches
and other faith-based organizations as well as
through local media.2629
Finally, the third category elicited was access to
care, including the cost of care and lack of insurance,33'37
which were 'only infrequently cited as barriers
to cancer screening in this study. Nevertheless,
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