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from their efforts to improve their programs.
In the context of a staff development system, formative evaluation
is a critical element that maintains focus, linking a vision of
what schooling can be for students and progress toward that vision.
And because we imagine a system in which governance is shared,
each person has a role in designing and executing the evaluation
process, interpreting the results, and acting to improve things.
Determining the extent to which new content and processes are
implemented needs to occur before questions about student outcomes
can be addressed. Assuming the change that was planned is
implemented, however, the questions of greatest interest to most
teachers, administrators, and parents can be asked: How are the
changes we have put in place affecting our students?
We acknowledge the difficulties inherent in evaluating staff
development programs. We recognize that the implementation of
each event and program is heavily influenced by its context. The
energy and interest of the schools and teachers amplify or diminish
the effects of training events. Also, staff development influences its