At a deeper – individual and intrapsychic – level, crime creates anxiety and insecurity. Sexual violence, burglaries, car thefts, and workplace violence traumatize victims of crime. They no longer view the world as a safe place. Their experience of victimization activates a negative self-image. Victims become socio-emotionally paralysed when confronted with the reality of human malevolence and their own vulnerability3, which – in return – heightens the risk of repeat-assault or -attacks of perpetrators.4 Perpetrators who get away with crime may become emboldened by their ‘success’ and be inclined to ‘re-offend’ as new opportunities arise.5 Bystanders may grow indifferent to continuous violence and destruction.6 Victims of abuse may join subsequent generations of perpetrators of violence.7