Therefore, the HeLM
intervention was embedded in the TTM of behavioral change, the core dimensions of which are
stages, processes, decisional balance, and self-efficacy. The stages of readiness for change include (1)
precontemplation, ie, patients are not yet considering changing behaviors that can have a positive
outcome on their health; (2) contemplation: patients are considering changing their behavior; (3)
preparation: patients have an intention to change
and are undertaking behavioral efforts; (4) action:
behavior has been changed, and (5) maintenance:
healthy behavior has been maintained6 month