Owing to the extraordinary adaptive variation, butterfly adult wing and larval body markings have been studied since Darwin’s time. Larval body markings differ com- pletely between closely related species and within single in- dividuals at different life stages (Scoble 1992). Among the swallowtail butterflies, there are at least four independent origins of striped warning larval coloration within the Pap- ilio genus (Prudic et al. 2007). The evolution of larval warn- ing coloration correlates with feeding on narrow leaves regardless of the plants’ taxonomic affiliation, suggesting that the signal environment of predator–prey interactions plays a major role in the initial evolution and persistence of warning coloration (Prudic et al. 2007). Although many studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms under- lying the adult wing pattern (review in Beldade and Brake- field 2002; McMillan et al. 2002; Monteiro 2008; Wittkopp and Beldade 2009), only a few have reported on larval color patterns at the molecular level.