Burris & Garton (2007) also found results contradictory to this study. They concluded that students taught by traditionalist methods tended to score higher on content knowledge assessments than students taught by constructivist methods. The students taught by the traditionalist method gained an average of nine points from pretest to posttest, whereas, the students taught by the constructivist methods showed an improvement of just over 4 points of their pretest scores. Burris & Garton explained this by stating “more traditional approaches to instruction promoted content coverage…While [constructivist-taught] students may have adeeper understanding of the material, that understanding is not represented at a content knowledge level” (p.113). In contrast, Herman & Knobloch (2004) found that students in theirstudy comprehended more by learning through the constructivist approach as compared to thetraditionalist approach but the findings on knowledge retention were mixed. Further investigations should be done to help clarify these concepts.