Target Costing
Target costing is a simple idea: set the value of the manufacturing cost specification based on the price the company hopes the end user will pay for the product and on the profit margins that are required for each stage in the distribution channel. For example, assume Specialized wishes to sell its suspension fork to its customers through bicycle shops. lf the price it expected the customer to pay was $250 and if bicycle shops normally expect a gross profit margin of 45 percent on components, then Specialized would have to sell its fork to bicycle shops for ( 1 - 0.45) • 250 = $137.50. If Specialized wishes to earn a gross margin of at least 40 percent on its components, then its unit manufacturing cost must be less than ( 1 - 0.40) • 137.50 = $82.50.
Target costing is the reverse of the cost-plus approach to pricing. The cost-plus approach begins with what the firm expects its manufacturing costs to be and then sets its prices by adding its expected profit margin to the cost. This approach ignores the realities of competitive markets, in which prices are driven by market and customer factors. Target costing is a mechanism for ensuring that specifications are set in a way that allows the product to be competitively priced in the marketplace.
Some products are sold directly by a manufacturer to end users of the product. Frequently, products are distributed through one or more intermediate stages, such as distributors and retailers. Exhibit 6-13 provides some approximate values of gross profit margins for different product categories.
Let M be the gross profit margin of a stage in the distribution channel.
Target CostingTarget costing is a simple idea: set the value of the manufacturing cost specification based on the price the company hopes the end user will pay for the product and on the profit margins that are required for each stage in the distribution channel. For example, assume Specialized wishes to sell its suspension fork to its customers through bicycle shops. lf the price it expected the customer to pay was $250 and if bicycle shops normally expect a gross profit margin of 45 percent on components, then Specialized would have to sell its fork to bicycle shops for ( 1 - 0.45) • 250 = $137.50. If Specialized wishes to earn a gross margin of at least 40 percent on its components, then its unit manufacturing cost must be less than ( 1 - 0.40) • 137.50 = $82.50.Target costing is the reverse of the cost-plus approach to pricing. The cost-plus approach begins with what the firm expects its manufacturing costs to be and then sets its prices by adding its expected profit margin to the cost. This approach ignores the realities of competitive markets, in which prices are driven by market and customer factors. Target costing is a mechanism for ensuring that specifications are set in a way that allows the product to be competitively priced in the marketplace.Some products are sold directly by a manufacturer to end users of the product. Frequently, products are distributed through one or more intermediate stages, such as distributors and retailers. Exhibit 6-13 provides some approximate values of gross profit margins for different product categories.Let M be the gross profit margin of a stage in the distribution channel.
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