Current mobile network architectures designate a dedicated node in the core network (e.g., PGW -
Packet Data Network Gateway in 3GPP) as a mobility anchor that allocates an IP address to the terminal, tracks terminal location in the IP topology, and ensures terminal’s reachability by tunneling its traffic to wherever it goes.
All terminal traffic is tunneled through the centralized node in the mobile core network. However, the undesirable consequences of this design include the following: