The bulk of electricity is produced by conventional energy convertersc that are based on mechanical, indirect conversion of energy. The heat energy is then converted by turbines into mechanical energy, which, in turn produces electricity, by generators. The efficiency of these systems is low the step involving the generation of mechanical energy results in a 70% loss of energy. As a consequence of this, for many years scientists and engineers have been seeking ways to convert energy directly into electricity without the use of an intermediate mechanical energy converter.