Food waste is one of the largest potions of municipal solid
waste with a fraction falls between 12% and 39% among different
countries, such as United States [1], Hong Kong [2] and Singapore
[3], which causes severe environmental problems. Utilisation of
food waste as the renewable feedstock in biorefinery for chemicals
and energy production becomes a promising option to target
both solid waste problem and the over-dependence on petroleum
as the major source of chemicals and energy [4,5]. The nutrients
contained within food waste can be converted by micro-organisms
into desired products, such as biofuels [6–8], functional chemicals
[9] and monomers of bioplastics [10].