and Bernoulli equations are applicable. His students, Theodore von Kármán
(1881–1963), Paul Blasius (1883–1970), Johann Nikuradse (1894–1979),
and others, built on that theory in both hydraulic and aerodynamic applications.
(During World War II, both sides benefited from the theory as Prandtl
remained in Germany while his best student, the Hungarian born Theodore
von Kármán, worked in America.)
The mid twentieth century could be considered a golden age of fluid
mechanics applications. Existing theories were adequate for the tasks at
hand, and fluid properties and parameters were well defined. These supported
a huge expansion of the aeronautical, chemical, industrial, and water
resources sectors; each of which pushed fluid mechanics in new directions.
Fluid mechanics research and work in the late twentieth century were dominated
by the development of the digital computer in America. The ability to
solve large complex problems, such as global climate modeling or to optimize
the design of a turbine blade, has provided a benefit to our society that
the eighteenth-century developers of fluid mechanics could never have
imagined (Fig. 1–14). The principles presented in the following pages have
been applied to flows ranging from a moment at the microscopic scale to 50
years of simulation for an entire river basin. It is truly mind-boggling.
Where will fluid mechanics go in the twenty-first century? Frankly, even
a limited extrapolation beyond the present would be sheer folly. However, if
history tells us anything, it is that engineers will be applying what they
know to benefit society, researching what they don’t know, and having a
great time in the process.
and Bernoulli equations are applicable. His students, Theodore von Kármán
(1881–1963), Paul Blasius (1883–1970), Johann Nikuradse (1894–1979),
and others, built on that theory in both hydraulic and aerodynamic applications.
(During World War II, both sides benefited from the theory as Prandtl
remained in Germany while his best student, the Hungarian born Theodore
von Kármán, worked in America.)
The mid twentieth century could be considered a golden age of fluid
mechanics applications. Existing theories were adequate for the tasks at
hand, and fluid properties and parameters were well defined. These supported
a huge expansion of the aeronautical, chemical, industrial, and water
resources sectors; each of which pushed fluid mechanics in new directions.
Fluid mechanics research and work in the late twentieth century were dominated
by the development of the digital computer in America. The ability to
solve large complex problems, such as global climate modeling or to optimize
the design of a turbine blade, has provided a benefit to our society that
the eighteenth-century developers of fluid mechanics could never have
imagined (Fig. 1–14). The principles presented in the following pages have
been applied to flows ranging from a moment at the microscopic scale to 50
years of simulation for an entire river basin. It is truly mind-boggling.
Where will fluid mechanics go in the twenty-first century? Frankly, even
a limited extrapolation beyond the present would be sheer folly. However, if
history tells us anything, it is that engineers will be applying what they
know to benefit society, researching what they don’t know, and having a
great time in the process.
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