Some of these warning signalsincluded a memo about supplier quality problems, reports of accidents andcomplaints about the vehicles in overseas markets, and reports from their own
risk management department. In both the Coca-Cola and Ford crises, leaders failed in their sense making by not adequately attuning to or taking action on key events that presented themselves prior to the crisis.Perspective taking. The ability to entertain or assume the perspective of another has been identified as a key element to social functioning