In Thailand, dairy cows
Particularly raised in small-holder farms
Some roughage is required to ensure reasonable production and inadequate feeding during the dry season is a serious problem.
By product from agricultural and industrial production can be use as the roughage for ruminants.
However, the low nutrient especially nutrient for reproductive is the limitation of the utilization of by product.
This situation are confronted by a problem of improper nutritional management and its consequences, which may lead to impair their production, health and fertility