The Nitrogen Index suggests that there is potential to improve N management practices at this location, by monitoring the initial soil NO3–N content of these soils that have received large manure applications, and improving management practices to mine 423 kg NO3–N ha−1 and improve water quality. One potential practice would be to use scavenging cover crops such as sorghum sudan grass (which can be used for hay) without fertigation and with limited irrigation; this practice could contribute to the scavenging of NO3–N that has been leached out (Delgado et al. 2007).