Colonic fermentation of Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fibre) produces butyrate, and butyrate enemas may be effective in the treatment of UC. In an open label, parallel-group, multicentre, randomised clinical trial, 105 patients with UC in remission were randomised into groups to receive Plantago ovata seeds (10 g twice daily), mesalazine (500 mg three times daily), and Plantago ovata seeds plus mesalazine at the same doses. Relapse rate at 12 months were similar in the three groups (40% vs. 35% vs. 30%). Mild side effects included constipation and/or flatulence.[30]