The speech sounds often have their names from the Latin name of the vocal organ:
Nasal sounds: through nose (velum down)
Oral sounds: through mouth (velum up)
Stops: full oral closure
Fricatives: partial oral closure (friction)
Approximants: narrowing (no friction)
Labial: from labium, lip(s) active
Dental: from dentes, teeth active
Alveolar: Alveoles, teeth ridge active
Palatal: Palate, hard palate active
Velar: Velum, soft palate active
Glottal: Glottis, vocal cords active