Three types of PPP have been identified
as most common to trans-European
network projects: joint ventures,
concessions, and hybrid types where
the project is split into several project
components with a public SPV (special
purpose vehicle) in control of the overall
project. Recommendations have been
provided on how to organise the different
phases of the PPP process to avoid
possible barriers, and on criteria to
allocate different types of risk to parties.
It is recommended that the Commission
takes a co-ordinating role regarding user
charging and network-level effects in
cross-border projects.