Although the OCAM PCG offered a valuable tool for bookkeeping and the organization of accounting records, it was highly deficient in accounting standards relating to many of the income measurement and asset valuation issues that are dealt with in detail by Anglo-American accounting pronouncements. Elad and Tumnde (2009) note that this observation is also applicable to all the other plans comptables that were used throughout Francophone, Lusophone, and Spanish-speaking Africa from the colonial era to the late 1990s. The OHADA accounting system was designed to remedy these deficiencies.