Introduction
Presently, fossil fuel is the main fuel driving
industrial activities, transportation, and household
consumption. The shortage of fossil fuel is a
significant issue in the world, stimulating the
discovery of alternative fuels. There are several
alternative fuels being developed, such as
bioethanol, biohydrogen, biogas, and biodiesel.
Biodiesel has been explored as an alternative
energy source which plays an important role in
addressing these issues. Biodiesel can be
produced from vegetable oil (soybean, palm,
jatropha, and waste cooking oil) and animal
fat, as is widely known. In addition, microalgae
oil can be the raw material to produce biodiesel
since microalgae has a higher oil yield per crop
area compared to other feedstocks [1]. Biodiesel
is biodegradable and non-toxic. In terms of
combustion, it has lower emissions of carbon
monoxide, sulfur oxide, and other pollutants
compared to petroleum-based diesel [2]. The
higher flash point (150๐C) of biodiesel means that
it is safer than petroleum diesel for storage,
transportation, and handling [3]. In addition,
biodiesel can be mixed with petroleum diesel
วิศวกรรมสาร มก.
10
in different ratios in order to be utilized in
diesel engines and to reduce petroleum diesel
consumption. These benefits of biodiesel make
it to be a suitable alternative fuel. The general
method to produce biodiesel is by transesterification
reaction, which has vegetable oil and
methanol as reactants and which uses a catalyst.
Glycerol and fatty acid alkyl ester (biodiesel)
are the by-product and the main product of the
reaction, respectively. The environmental impact
of biodiesel production has been studied by
several researchers.
IntroductionPresently, fossil fuel is the main fuel drivingindustrial activities, transportation, and householdconsumption. The shortage of fossil fuel is asignificant issue in the world, stimulating thediscovery of alternative fuels. There are severalalternative fuels being developed, such asbioethanol, biohydrogen, biogas, and biodiesel.Biodiesel has been explored as an alternativeenergy source which plays an important role inaddressing these issues. Biodiesel can beproduced from vegetable oil (soybean, palm,jatropha, and waste cooking oil) and animalfat, as is widely known. In addition, microalgaeoil can be the raw material to produce biodieselsince microalgae has a higher oil yield per croparea compared to other feedstocks [1]. Biodieselis biodegradable and non-toxic. In terms ofcombustion, it has lower emissions of carbonmonoxide, sulfur oxide, and other pollutantscompared to petroleum-based diesel [2]. Thehigher flash point (150๐C) of biodiesel means thatit is safer than petroleum diesel for storage,transportation, and handling [3]. In addition,biodiesel can be mixed with petroleum dieselวิศวกรรมสาร มก.10in different ratios in order to be utilized indiesel engines and to reduce petroleum dieselconsumption. These benefits of biodiesel makeit to be a suitable alternative fuel. The generalmethod to produce biodiesel is by transesterificationreaction, which has vegetable oil andmethanol as reactants and which uses a catalyst.Glycerol and fatty acid alkyl ester (biodiesel)are the by-product and the main product of thereaction, respectively. The environmental impactof biodiesel production has been studied byseveral researchers.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
