“Wake up!” Do you hear these words

“Wake up!” Do you hear these words often? If so, maybe you are not getting enough sleep. What is
sleep? Why do people sleep? How much sleep do you need?
All people sleep. All mammals and birds also sleep. Some reptiles, amphibians, and fish sleep too.
Scientists understand some of the reasons for sleep. But they do not understand everything about it.
There are two kinds of sleep in mammals and birds. One kind of sleep is Rapid Eye Movement sleep,
which we call REM sleep. The other kind of sleep is Non–Rapid Eye Movement sleep, which we call NREM or non–REM sleep. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine divides NREM sleep into three stages: N1, N2, and N3 sleep.
When people first go to sleep, they are in NREM sleep. The first stage of NREM sleep is N1 sleep. During N1 sleep, people get very drowsy. Some people have muscle twitches during this part of sleep. People are not very conscious of, or aware of, their surroundings during this stage of sleep. Brain monitors identify small, slow, and irregular brain waves during N1 sleep. The second stage of sleep is N2 sleep. People are not at all conscious of their surroundings during N2 sleep. About 45%-55% of total adult sleep is N2 sleep. Brain monitors identify large brain waves with quick bursts of activity during N2 sleep. The third stage of sleep is N3 sleep. It is very deep sleep. Brain monitors identify very slow brain waves during N3 sleep. Therefore, N3 sleep is called slow–wave sleep (SWS.)
After N3 sleep, people cycle back to lighter N2 sleep before going into REM sleep. People cycle through the stages of NREM sleep 4 or 5 times each night and enter REM sleep several times during one night. Dreams occur during REM sleep and the eyes move quickly beneath closed eyelids. During REM sleep, people and animals are paralyzed. Scientists think people enter a state in which they cannot move so they will not hurt themselves while they are dreaming.
The National Sleep Foundation in the United States says that 7–9 hours of sleep daily is best for an adult. Seven to nine hours of sleep is good for memory, alertness, problem–solving, and health. Less than six hours of sleep affects the ability to think. Getting too much sleep may not be good for people either. Too much sleep is linked to sickness and depression.
Babies need a lot more sleep than adults. A newborn infant needs up to 18 hours of sleep each day. A baby spends about nine hours in REM sleep. Five–year–olds need 11–13 hours of sleep each day. A five–year– old spends about 2 hours in REM sleep. Teenagers need 9–10 hours of sleep each day. Pregnant women need more sleep than other adults. Many people think that elderly people need less sleep than younger adults, but that is not true. Most adults do well with 7–9 hours of sleep.
Scientists are not sure of all the reasons for sleep. They know that sleep helps the body heal and grow. Sleep helps the immune system – which helps people fight disease. Sleep helps the infant brain grow. It seems that REM sleep is especially important for babies’ brain growth. It also seems that sleep is a time for processing memories. Why do we dream? Some scientists believe that dreams have a psychological purpose. Some think that dreams help organize our brains. Some think that dreams are the result of random brain activity during REM sleep.
Sleep patterns differ substantially from culture to culture. Cultures with artificial light have different sleep patterns from cultures without artificial light (like electric lamps.) In cultures that use artificial light, people usually go to sleep later at night, and they sleep through the night. In other cultures, people often sleep for two periods. They go to sleep shortly after the sun goes down. They sleep deeply for several hours. Then, they tend to wake up for several hours. Afterward, they go to sleep again for several more hours. In hunter– gatherer groups, people sleep off and on throughout the day and night.
People sleep in a variety of places, too. Some people sleep on the ground. Some sleep on mats or in beds. Some use pillows, blankets, and other bedding. But they all sleep!
Good night! Sweet dreams!

ผลลัพธ์ (อิกโบ) 1:

"Tetanụ!" Ị na-anụ okwu ndị a na-emekarị? Ọ bụrụ otú ahụ, ma eleghị anya ị na-agaghị na-ezu na-ehi ụra. Gịnị bụ
na-ehi ụra? Gịnị mere ndị mmadụ na-ehi ụra? Ole na-ehi ụra nke ị chọrọ?
All ndị na-ehi ụra. All mammals na nnụnụ na-ehi ụra. Ụfọdụ ihe nākpu akpu, amphibians, na azụ na-ehi ụra kwa.
ọkà mmụta sayensị na ịghọta ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị mere na-ehi ụra. Ma ha aghọtaghị ihe nile banyere ya.
E nwere ihe abụọ dị iche iche nke na-ehi ụra na mammals na nnụnụ. Otu ụdị ụra bụ Rapid Eye Movement ụra,
nke anyị na-akpọ Oge ụra. The ọzọ ụdị ụra bụ Non-Rapid Eye Movement ụra, nke anyị na-akpọ NREM ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị Oge ụra. The American Academy ụra Medicine abahade NREM na-ehi ụra n'ime atọ nkebi: N1, N2, na N3 ụra.
Mgbe mbụ ndị mmadụ na-aga na-ehi ụra, ha nọ NREM ụra. Agba nke mbụ nke NREM ụra bụ N1 ụra. N'oge N1 ụra, ndị mmadụ na-esi nnọọ na-ero ụra. Ụfọdụ ndị nwere ike ahu twitches n'ime akụkụ nke a na-ehi ụra. Ndị mmadụ na-adịghị nnọọ ama, ma ọ bụ maara, gburugburu ha n'oge a na ogbo nke na-ehi ụra. Brain Monitors mata obere, ngwa ngwa, na oge ufodu ụbụrụ ebili mmiri N1 ụra. Agba nke abụọ nke ụra bụ N2 ụra. Ndị mmadụ na-adịghị mgbe niile maara nke gburugburu ha n'oge N2 ụra. Ihe 45% -55% nke ngụkọta okenye ụra bụ N2 ụra. Brain Monitors mata nnukwu ụbụrụ mmiri na ebili mmiri na ngwa ngwa bursts nke ọrụ n'oge N2 ụra. Agba nke atọ nke na-ehi ụra bụ N3 ụra. Ọ bụ nnọọ oké ụra. Brain Monitors mata nnọọ ngwa ngwa ụbụrụ ebili mmiri N3 ụra. Ya mere, N3 ụra na-akpọ nwayọọ na-efegharị efegharị na-ehi ụra (SWS.)
Mgbe N3 ụra, ndị mmadụ na okirikiri azụ Mkpa ọkụ N2 ụra n'ihu na-aga n'ime Oge ụra. Ndị mmadụ na-okirikiri site na nkebi nke NREM na-ehi ụra 4 ma ọ bụ 5 ugboro n'abalị ọ bụla na-abanye na Oge ụra ọtụtụ ugboro n'oge otu abalị. Nrọ-eme n'oge Oge ụra na anya-akpali ngwa ngwa n'okpuru mechiri emechi eyelids. N'oge Oge ụra, ndị mmadụ na ụmụ anụmanụ na-ahụ ya kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eche ndị mmadụ tinye a ala nke ha na-enweghị ike ime otú ahụ ka ha ga-afụ ụfụ onwe ha mgbe ha na-arọ.
The National Ụra Foundation na United States na-ekwu na 7-9 ụra awa kwa ụbọchị kasị mma maka otu okenye. Seven na itoolu na ụra awa dị mma maka na ebe nchekwa, alertness, idozi nsogbu, na ike. Erughị isii ụra awa na-emetụta ikike nke iche echiche. Inweta ukwuu ụra nwere ike ọ gaghị adị mma ka ndị mmadụ ma. Ukwuu na-ehi ụra na-jikọrọ ọrịa na ịda mbà n'obi.
Ụmụ mkpa a otutu ihe na-ehi ụra karịa ndị okenye. A mụrụ ọhụrụ kwesịrị ruo awa 18 na-ehi ụra kwa ụbọchị. A na nwa na-etinye ihe awa itoolu na Oge ụra. Ise nọ n'agbata afọ mkpa 11-13 ụra awa kwa ụbọchị. A ise year- ochie na-etinye ihe 2 awa Oge ụra. Na-eto eto mkpa 9-10 ụra awa kwa ụbọchị. Ụmụ nwaanyị dị ime mkpa karịa ụra karịa ndị ọzọ na okenye. Ọtụtụ ndị chere na ndị agadi ndị na mkpa na-erughị ụra karịa tọrọ okenye, ma nke ahụ abụghị eziokwu. Ọtụtụ ndị toro eto na-eme nke ọma na 7-9 ụra awa.
ọkà mmụta sayensị na-adịghị n'aka nile ihe mere na-ehi ụra. Ha maara na-ehi ụra na-enyere ahụ agwọ ma na-eto eto. Ụra na-enyere dịghịzi usoro - nke na-enyere ndị mmadụ lụsoo ọrịa ọgụ. Ụra na-enyere nwa ọhụrụ ụbụrụ na-eto eto. O yiri ka Oge ụra dị mkpa karịsịa maka ụmụ ọhụrụ 'ụbụrụ n'uba. Ọ na-yiri na ụra bụ oge maka nhazi na-echeta. Gịnị mere anyị nrọ? Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na nrọ nwere a psychological nzube. Ụfọdụ na-eche na nrọ aka hazie ụbụrụ anyị. Ụfọdụ na-eche na nrọ bụ n'ihi random ụbụrụ ọrụ n'oge Oge ụra.
Hie ụra nakawa etu esi dị iche n'ụzọ site n'omenala obodo. Omenala na wuru ìhè dị iche iche na-ehi ụra nakawa etu esi si omenala na-enweghị aka wuru ìhè (dị ka electric oriọna.) Ke omenala na-eji aka wuru ìhè, ndị mmadụ na-emekarị na-aga na-ehi ụra mgbe e mesịrị n'abalị, na ha na-ehi ụra site na abalị. N'obodo ndị ọzọ, ndị mmadụ na-ehi ụra abụọ oge. Ha na-aga na-ehi ụra esisịt ini ke anyanwụ na-aga ala. Ha na-ehi ụra nke ukwuu ruo ọtụtụ awa. Mgbe ahụ, ha na-eteta ruo ọtụtụ awa. Mgbe e mesịrị, ha na-aga na-ehi ụra ọzọ, n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị awa. Na hunter- gatherer iche iche, ndị mmadụ na-ehi ụra ma na ofụri ehihie na abalị.
Ndị mmadụ na-ehi ụra na a dịgasị iche iche nke ebe, kwa. Ụfọdụ ndị na-ehi ụra dị n'ala. Ụfọdụ na-ehi ụra na mats ma ọ bụ na akwa. Ụfọdụ na-eji Ohiri isi, blanket, na ihe ndị ọzọ ji ehi ụra. Ma ha nile na-ehi ụra!
Good abalị! Ezigbo ụra!