significantly, for those who fail to gain access to the better segments of the urban labour market it is the means certain that they will find easy-entry by low-income jobs available. Much of the informal sector is also highly protected by entry rules. As a result, many urban dwellers face a lifetime of casual work eking out a living by taking on whatever wenial jobs they can find. The more open entry points into the urban labour market include portering casual construction work and domestic service (Box 24.2). At the bottom of the scale are marginal activities such as begging, prostitution, theft and other illegal operations.