Fluorescence extremely powerful spectroscopy is an extreamely powerful analytical tool that has been used in areas ranging from biology to physics. In this REPORT, we will present applications of fluores cence spectroscopy to bioanalytical systems, including DNA and RNA de- terminations, enzymatic methods, pro- tein-ligand oassays, and interactions, flu sensing. fiber-optic-based Space limitations preclude mention of other relevant areas (e.g., fluorescence detection in liquid chromatography) The article is divided into the following ections: historical perspective, instrumentation, applications, and the future. advantages of fluo- rescence,applications, and the future.