What kinds of harm are generated in particular states-systems, and to what cxtent are rules and norms against harm built into these states systems? Linklater's initial research suggests that the modem statcs-system may bc unique in its development of cosmopolitan Harm conventions that omestic jurisdiction of ffect of croding the states and have the e promoting moral duties(linklater 2001). However, the civilizing gains made by the modern states-system m be under threat by developments since September 11. Though there are different responses to the terrorist attacks perpetrated l-Qaeda. Linklater is concerned that the dominant rhetoric of a civilizational war against evil would unleash'de-civilizing' potentials. The US-led w ar on tcrrorism', by privileging military means, putting more innocent lives at