Groundwater quality in the Koradi area
The descriptive statistics of major anions and cations, pH, turbidity and TDS in the groundwater collected during the four sampling campaigns of the period 2008–2009 are shown in Table 2, while the full dataset has already been published by Ramya et al. (2013). The analytical data for the sampling campaign of 2012 are fully shown in Table 3. Data clearly highlight the existence of high TDS in some of the wells, whose maximum values exceed 3500 mg/l, also showing how these values are most of the time mainly contributed by sulfates and, to a lesser extent, by sodium. The concentration of nitrates is also relevant in samples KGW 3, 4 and 6. The concentration of dissolved ions in groundwater often exceeds the permissible limits for drinking water provided by BIS (2005) for Mg2 +, Ca2 +, NO32 −, SO42 − and TDS. On the other hand stream waters are significantly enriched in fluorides with respect to the groundwater, showing concentrations that are well above the BIS limits.