The optimization of internal structure of agricultural extension organization and management: Internal organization includes a lot of factors, such as target, personnel, technology, equipment, level, system etc. Internal organization structure refers to the combination of relationships among these systemic factors inside the organization. The optimization of internal organizational structure refers to the rational and efficient combination of all systematic factors within a certain time to reach the optimal state. The author has taken a static investigation on optimization status of various systematic factors in different organizations (Gao et al., 2009). In this paper, I will simply explain the main problems in optimization and management of internal structure of agricultural extension organizations based on the real situation of China’s rural development, the reform trend of agricultural extension and current problems of various extension organizations.