Administrative and ethical consideration
An official permission was granted by submission of an official letter from the Faculty of Nursing to the responsible authorities of the study setting to obtain their permission for data collection. All ethical issues were taken into consideration during all phases of the study; the researcher maintained an anonymity and confidentiality of the subjects. The inclusion in the study was totally voluntary. The aim of the study was explained to every woman before participation, oral and written consent was obtained from every woman prior to data collection. Women were assured that the study maneuver will cause no actual or potential harm to her or her baby. Also, they were assured that professional help will be provided for them and for their baby whenever needed. Women were notified that they can withdraw at any stage of the research.