Genetic studies on microalgae have been redirected mainly
toward analysis of photosynthesis and metabolic pathways
(Figure 3). Furthermore, microalgae were genetically
modified to express high quality recombinant proteins, such
as hormones or antibodies and also bioremediation of soils
contaminated with heavy metals. Genetically modified (GM)
algae are especially suitable for containment and controlled
growth in bioreactors under both phototrophic and
heterotrophic conditions. Metabolic engineering in