Proactivity is about being selfstarting and changeoriented in order to enhance
personal or organizational effectiveness, such as by making improvements to work
procedures or using one's initiative to solve a problem. In the academic literature, many
constructs relate to proactivity. These constructs vary according to whether proactivity is
seen as a relatively stable personality trait or as an outcome that varies across situations; as
a behaviour or a psychological state; and as an individuallevel construct or an
organizationallevel one. Here, we focus on individuallevel proactive behaviours that can
vary across situations. We view stable traits (e.g., proactive personality style) and
psychological states (e.g. proactive motivation) as determinants, rather than defining
aspects, of this behaviour.
Proactivity is about being selfstarting and changeoriented in order to enhance
personal or organizational effectiveness, such as by making improvements to work
procedures or using one's initiative to solve a problem. In the academic literature, many
constructs relate to proactivity. These constructs vary according to whether proactivity is
seen as a relatively stable personality trait or as an outcome that varies across situations; as
a behaviour or a psychological state; and as an individuallevel construct or an
organizationallevel one. Here, we focus on individuallevel proactive behaviours that can
vary across situations. We view stable traits (e.g., proactive personality style) and
psychological states (e.g. proactive motivation) as determinants, rather than defining
aspects, of this behaviour.
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