Each of the eight nurse characteristics of the model allows for the categorization of essential elements of nursing practice that span the continuum of novice to expert. Performance standards designed to enhance patient, nurse, and system outcomes can then be leveled to form the framework for a career advancement program. Movement along the career advancement continuum includes progressive degrees of autonomy and authority that evolve through formal and experiential learning. Defined as the expectation of independent nursing judgment, autonomy has been reported by Magnet hospital staff nurses as an essential component of Magnetism and is one of the 14 Forces outlined by ANCC for Magnet hospitals (Kramer & Schmalenberg, 2004).