Pure, axenic cultures
If biological contaminants appear in a culture, the best remedy is to isolate a single cell from the culture with a micropipette, and try to establish a new, clean clonal culture. Alternatively the culture can be streaked on an agar plate (see below) in the hope of attaining a colony free of contaminants. Neither of these methods work well, however, for eliminating bacteria that attach firmly to the surface of microalgae. Placing a test tube of microalgal culture in a low-intensity 90 kilocycles/sec ultrasonic water bath for varying lengths of time (a few seconds to tens of minutes) can sometimes physically separate bacteria without killing the algae, making it easier to obtain an axenic culture by micropipette isolation.
Often, however, to achieve an axenic culture, antibiotics must be used. Best results appear to occur when an actively growing culture of algae is exposed to a mixture of penicillin, streptomycin and gentamycin for around 24 hours. This drastically reduces the growth of bacteria while allowing the microalgae to continue to grow, increasing the chances of obtaining an axenic cell when using micropippette or agar streaking isolation. Different algal species tolerate different concentrations of antibiotics, so a range of concentrations should be used (generally 50-500 mg/l). Other antibiotics that can be used include chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and bacitracin. Antibiotic solutions should be made with distilled water and filter-sterilized (0.2µm filter units) into sterile tubes, and should be stored frozen until use. Another approach is to add a range of antibiotic concentrations to a number of subcultures and then select the culture that has surviving algal cells but no surviving bacteria or other contaminants. Sterility of cultures should be checked by microscopic examination and by adding a small amount of sterile bacterial culture medium (eg. 0.1% peptone) to a microalgal culture and observing regularly for bacterial growth. Absence of bacterial growth does not, however, ensure that the microalgal culture is axenic, since the majority of bacteria do not respond to standard enrichments. In reality there is no way of demonstrating that a microalgal culture is completely axenic. In practise, therefore, axenic usually means ‘without demonstrable unwanted prokaryotes or eukaryotes’. Some microalgal cultures may die when made axenic, probably due to the termination of obligate symbiotic relationships with bacteria.
วัฒนธรรมบริสุทธิ์ axenicสารปนเปื้อนทางชีวภาพแสดงวัฒนธรรม วิธีการรักษาที่ดีที่สุดคือการ แยกเซลล์เดียวจากวัฒนธรรมด้วย micropipette และพยายามสร้างวัฒนธรรม clonal ใหม่ สะอาด อีกวิธีหนึ่งคือ วัฒนธรรมสามารถริ้วบนเป็นแผ่นวุ้น (ดูด้านล่าง) ความหวังของสังคมอาณานิคมปราศจากสารปนเปื้อน ของวิธีการเหล่านี้ทำงานดี อย่างไรก็ตาม ในการกำจัดแบคทีเรียที่แนบแน่นกับพื้นผิวของสาหร่าย วางหลอด microalgal วัฒนธรรมในความเข้มต่ำ 90 kilocycles/sec อัลตราโซนิกอ่างน้ำสำหรับความยาวที่แตกต่างกันของเวลา (กี่วินาทีถึงสิบนาที) สามารถบางครั้งร่างกายแยกแบคทีเรียโดยไม่ต้องฆ่าสาหร่าย จึงทำให้ได้รับการเพาะเลี้ยง โดยแยก micropipetteOften, however, to achieve an axenic culture, antibiotics must be used. Best results appear to occur when an actively growing culture of algae is exposed to a mixture of penicillin, streptomycin and gentamycin for around 24 hours. This drastically reduces the growth of bacteria while allowing the microalgae to continue to grow, increasing the chances of obtaining an axenic cell when using micropippette or agar streaking isolation. Different algal species tolerate different concentrations of antibiotics, so a range of concentrations should be used (generally 50-500 mg/l). Other antibiotics that can be used include chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and bacitracin. Antibiotic solutions should be made with distilled water and filter-sterilized (0.2µm filter units) into sterile tubes, and should be stored frozen until use. Another approach is to add a range of antibiotic concentrations to a number of subcultures and then select the culture that has surviving algal cells but no surviving bacteria or other contaminants. Sterility of cultures should be checked by microscopic examination and by adding a small amount of sterile bacterial culture medium (eg. 0.1% peptone) to a microalgal culture and observing regularly for bacterial growth. Absence of bacterial growth does not, however, ensure that the microalgal culture is axenic, since the majority of bacteria do not respond to standard enrichments. In reality there is no way of demonstrating that a microalgal culture is completely axenic. In practise, therefore, axenic usually means ‘without demonstrable unwanted prokaryotes or eukaryotes’. Some microalgal cultures may die when made axenic, probably due to the termination of obligate symbiotic relationships with bacteria.
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