variety of materials can be used for radiation shielding. To choose an appropriate
type of shielding material, the type of radiation that is being shielded, the energy of the
radiation, and the level of dose reduction are in need to be considered.
In choosing a shielding material, the first consideration must be effectiveness. If
dealing with external radiation protection, the most important consideration must be
personnel protection. An effective shield will cause a large energy loss in a relatively small
penetration distance without emission of more hazardous radiation. However, other factors
may also influence the choice of shielding materials such as, cost of the material, weight of
the material, and how much space is available for the material. The effectiveness of the
shielding material is determined by the interactions between the incident radiation and the
atoms of the absorbing medium. The interactions which take place depend mainly upon the
type of radiation, the energy of the radiation, and the atomic number of the absorbing
medium. Among all the types of radiation, this work involved gamma-ray and neutron
radiation.