Management based on Theory X assumptions is still widely practiced, although McGregor and others
consider it as being outdated. Therefore, there are many companies that still use it today, although it
considers people as being immature and lazy at the workplace. Argyris considers that bureaucratic-pyramidal
values lead to poor and superficial relationships be tween the members of an organization. Moreover, these
relationships are not authentic and lead to low interpersonal competence, as they do not allow the natural
expression of feelings. Further on, Argyris points out that an environment that is not psychologically safe is a
proper ground for conflict, rigidity and low performance.