17. Which of the following is likely to be of greatest value in formulating hypotheses for a scientific investigation?
A )high level of emotional involvement in the research problem
B) A rigorous statistical design
C) Clear indication of the variables
D) A problem statement that is broad in scope
18. The dependent variable is so called because:
A ) scores on this variable are hypothesized to depend on, and vary with, the value of the independent variable
B) the outcome of an experiment is hypothesized to depend on the effect that this variable has on the independent variable
C) scores on this variable can be expected not to vary in an experiment
D) scores on this variable depend on how they are manipulated by the researcher
19. Characteristics of persons or things that can assume different values are called
A) distributions
B) observations
C) data
D) variables
20. A manipulated variable is one that:
A) uses equipment
B) requires subjects to arrange materials c) is arranged by the researcher
D) makes a study hard to interpret