During treatment period, the fish was fed daily with the same type of feed formulation at 2% of body weight to ensure the constant release of phosphorus and nitrogen waste. As the pond was placed in a greenhouse, the water temperature slightly varied within the range of 28 ± 5 C over diurnal changes.
C. gariepinus released
nutrients to the surrounding water as dissolved inorganic nutrients
through metabolic excretion, particulate organic nutrients through
defaecation and dissolved organic through resuspension from the
particulate fractions (Olsen et al., 2012).