Measures
Maternal and paternal support for physical activity
Maternal and paternal support for children’s PA was
assessed using a 5-item scale developed by Sallis et al.
[12]. Parents reported how often the mother/female
adult and father/male adult in the household would
‘encourage their child to do physical activities or play
sports’; ‘play outside or do physical activity or sports
with their child’; ‘provide transportation to a place their
child can do physical activity or play sports’; ‘watch their
child participate in sport, physical activities or outdoor
games’; and ‘tell their child that physical activity is good
for his or her health’. Responses were recorded on sixpoint
scale with endpoints ranging from zero (never) to
five (daily). In the current sample, the internal consistency
of the scale, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha,
was 0.77 and 0.80 for maternal and paternal support,
respectively.