While we find the results of this study promising, several limitations should be
noted. First, since data was collected in a cross-sectional fashion, caution must be taken
when interpreting the results. Specifically, the nature of cross-sectional data has made
any tests of causality impossible. Therefore, there is a possibility that a pattern of
causality different than that described by our theoretical arguments could be
responsible for the relationships we identified in our results. Second, this study used a
modest sample in a particular setting. Replications of this work via larger samples in
more diverse settings are needed in order to confirm this study’s results. Finally, this
study explores only one antecedent of transformational leadership behavior, and
further research is needed to identify additional variables that make one more or less
likely to engage in transformational leadership behavior.