After the learning activity, ANCOVA was used to compare the post-questionnaire ratings of the students’ self-efficacy by excluding the impacts of the prequestionnaire ratings. Table 2 shows the ANCOVA result. The adjusted means of experimental group A, experimental group B, and the control group were 3.60, 3.67, and 3.27, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the three groups had significant differences on the self-efficacy ratings, with F = 3.67 (p.05). The pairwise