Fig. 3 depicts time-averaged radial and vertical velocity fields in a vertical plane in front of a blade. The vertical plane goes from the wall to the center of the mixer and from the bottom of the container to the top of the granular bed. The length of vectors represents magnitude of the radial and vertical velocity components. The length of the marker arrow on the top left of each panel indicates the velocity magnitude equal to 0.02 m/s. The magnitude of the tangential velocity is represented by the colors of the vectors which point out of the plane of the graph for the obtuse blade pitch.