Globally, the water resources in various regions and countries are expected to face unprecedented pressures in the coming decades as a result of continuing population growth and uneven distributions of population and water. The concentration of populations within urban areas further exacerbates the disparity between water demand and regional water availability.
Wastewater can be an alternative water resource which can decrease the demands for fresh water. Some municipalities and industries are dealing with high salt concentration in their wastewaters. Saline ef uents are conventionally treated through physicochemical means, as biological treatment is strongly inhibited by salts Most of such systems involve anaerobic or aerobic biological treatment. Biological treatment systems offer the best alternative to treat wastewaters containing carbonaceous organic and nitrogen matter.