Fermented milk products include a range of dairy products like yogurt, fermented or cultured milk, acidophilus milk, kefir, kumis, curd, buttermilk, and sweet acidophilus milk obtained by the fermentation of milk by specific microorganisms. The beneficial health properties resulting from the consumption of fermented milks have been known for many years. The scientific basis of yogurt manufacture and some other fermented milk are described in this article. The main characteristics of yogurt as well as the health benefits scientifically attributed to them are discussed.