6. Conclusions
Acetic acid bacteria are capable to replace plant as an alternative source of cellulose through oxidative
fermentation under static, agitated and stirred conditions. However, high cost and low-yield production have limits
its commercial applications and industry potentials. Therefore, researches have focus on agriculture waste and
industrial by-product as new cost-effective carbon sources. Besides that, the modification and incorporation of
particles in BC matrix enhance its nature physiochemical properties and bring up the new opportunity for
applications.