3.5. Effects of organic acids and pH on ethanol inhibition
It is generally believed that contaminants inhibit ethanol production
either by competition for nutrients, or by production of
inhibitory organic acids (lactic and acetic acids), although this
has not been conclusively demonstrated (Beckner et al., 2011). To
monitor bacterial contamination, fuel ethanol producers often
measure pH and levels of acetic and lactic acids. As part of the
ethanol inhibition assay, contaminants were individually tested
for production of lactic and acetic acids, for residual glucose, and
for changes in culture pH. Residual glucose is symptomatic of stuck
fermentations (Bischoff et al., 2009), and among total contaminants
residual glucose was strongly correlated with ethanol inhibition
(data not shown, R2 = 0.84). Among all isolates, ethanol
inhibition was moderately correlated with levels of acetic acid
(R2 = 0.55), but not lactic acid (data not shown). Reduced pH levels
were strongly correlated with levels of lactic acid (R2 = 0.90), but
not acetic acid, and reduced pH levels were not correlated with a
3.5. Effects of organic acids and pH on ethanol inhibitionIt is generally believed that contaminants inhibit ethanol productioneither by competition for nutrients, or by production ofinhibitory organic acids (lactic and acetic acids), although thishas not been conclusively demonstrated (Beckner et al., 2011). Tomonitor bacterial contamination, fuel ethanol producers oftenmeasure pH and levels of acetic and lactic acids. As part of theethanol inhibition assay, contaminants were individually testedfor production of lactic and acetic acids, for residual glucose, andfor changes in culture pH. Residual glucose is symptomatic of stuckfermentations (Bischoff et al., 2009), and among total contaminantsresidual glucose was strongly correlated with ethanol inhibition(data not shown, R2 = 0.84). Among all isolates, ethanolinhibition was moderately correlated with levels of acetic acid(R2 = 0.55), but not lactic acid (data not shown). Reduced pH levelswere strongly correlated with levels of lactic acid (R2 = 0.90), butnot acetic acid, and reduced pH levels were not correlated with a
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