communication links (e.g. modems, fiber optic networks, etc).
Initial work has incorporated a frequency shift key (FSK)
modem to transmit control signals between components. The
second approach is a generic communication link model
incorporating bandwidth and latency which are the two most
inherent properties for smart grid communication as discussed
in [13]. The initial model incorporates a variable time-delay to
the data sent over a communication link. This allows variation
of the time-delay to model constant or variable latency in data
transmission. Work is ongoing to develop time-delay based
models to represent specific communication hardware and
protocols. However, the initial time-delay model can be used
to study the effects of latency on wide area control techniques
and other smart grid functions.
C. Control Components
Modeling of control components is broken down into
LCNC and RSOC models. RSOC models are used for wide
are controllers such as Static Var Compensation (SVC) control
proposed in [14]. A model for a SVC in our approach is shown
in Fig. 3. Communication links transmit measurements from a
phasor measurement unit (PMU) unit embedded in the power
system model and deliver it to an algorithm which processes
the data, updates the discrete state of the SVC and send a
control signal over a communication link. Different control
algorithms, communication links, SVC models, etc. can be
modeled with this approach.